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Universal Powerline Bus (UPB) is a proprietary software protocol developed by Powerline Control Systems [1] for power-line communication between devices used for home automation. Household electrical wiring is used to send digital data between UPB devices via pulse-position modulation .
Gigabit Home Networking (G.hn) is a specification for wired home networking that supports speeds up to 2 Gbit/s and operates over four types of legacy wires: telephone wiring, coaxial cables, power lines and plastic optical fiber. Some benefits of a multi-wire standard are lower equipment development costs and lower deployment costs for service ...
A change of one bel in the level corresponds to a 10× change in power, so when comparing power quantities x and y, the difference is defined to be 10×log 10 (y/x) decibel. With root-power quantities, however the difference is defined as 20×log 10 (y/x) dB. [3]
Some forecasts project the home security market as a whole will be worth $47 billion by 2020, [12] with the DIY home security market worth $1.5 billion. [13] While the market for home security is expanding, especially with cable TV and Internet service providers introducing their own security and home automation products, it is a fragmented ...
Conventional 2-wire or 3-wire distribution lines have a higher power transfer capacity, but can require 7 poles per kilometre (12 poles per mile), with spans of 100 to 150 metres (110 to 160 yards). SWER's high line voltage and low current also permits the use of low-cost galvanized steel wire (historically, No. 8 fence wire). [ 9 ]
A root of degree 2 is called a square root and a root of degree 3, a cube root. Roots of higher degree are referred by using ordinal numbers, as in fourth root, twentieth root, etc. The computation of an n th root is a root extraction. For example, 3 is a square root of 9, since 3 2 = 9, and −3 is also a square root of 9, since (−3) 2 = 9.
Wireless overhead power line sensors hanging from each of the three phases of a 4160 Volt powerline in a residential neighborhood, in Palo Alto, California. A Wireless powerline sensor hangs from an overhead power line and sends measurements to a data collection system.
It has peak rates of 10 Mbit/s and is designed to go into smart meters and smaller appliances such as HVAC thermostats, home appliances and plug-in electric vehicles [18] so that data can be shared over a home network and with the power utility. High capacity broadband is not needed for such applications; the most important requirements are low ...