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Historically, Zionism was a secular ideology that was opposed by Orthodox, Conservative and Reform Jews. While Orthodox and Conservative groups opposed Zionism for being nationalist rather than religious, Reform Judaism opposed a return to Zion for theological reasons. Reform theology conceived of Judaism as the universal religion of the prophets.
Reform Judaism, also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism, is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of Judaism, the superiority of its ethical aspects to its ceremonial ones, and belief in a continuous revelation which is closely intertwined with human reason and not limited to the Theophany at Mount Sinai.
Reform Judaism rejected the traditional definition of a Jew via matrilineal descent, effectively severing the united peoplehood that had linked Reform and non-Reform movements. [3] For practically all Orthodox Jews (and many Conservative Jews), this was seen as splitting the Jewish people into two mutually incompatible groups.
Jewish religious movements, sometimes called "denominations", include diverse groups within Judaism which have developed among Jews from ancient times. Samaritans are also considered ethnic Jews by the Chief Rabbinate of Israel, although they are frequently classified by experts as a sister Hebrew people, who practice a separate branch of Israelite religion.
Ponevezh yeshiva on Israel Independence Day in Bnei Brak, Israel. From the founding of political Zionism in the 1890s, Haredi Jewish leaders voiced objections to its secular orientation, and before the establishment of the State of Israel, the vast majority of Haredi Jews were opposed to Zionism, like early Reform Judaism, but with distinct reasoning. [1]
Zionism to many Jewish people means, essentially, patriotism: a political ideology rooted in the establishment — and, later, promotion — of a refuge for Jews who throughout history had to ...
The common definition of Zionism was principally the endorsement of the Jewish people to establish a Jewish national home in Palestine, [1] [failed verification] secondarily the claim that due to a lack of self-determination, this territory must be re-established as a Jewish state.
This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Part of a series on the History of Israel Early history Prehistoric Levant Kebaran Mushabian Natufian Harifian Yarmukian Lodian Nizzanim Ghassulian Canaan Retjenu Habiru Shasu Late Bronze Age collapse Ancient Israel and Judah Iron Age I Israelites, Philistines 12th–10th centuries BCE United ...