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Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with local customary law and Dutch law. Before European presence and colonization began in the sixteenth century, indigenous kingdoms ruled the archipelago independently with their own custom laws, known as adat (unwritten, traditional rules still observed in the Indonesian society). [ 1 ]
The rule of law is enshrined in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union as one of the common values for all Member States. Under the rule of law, all public powers always act within the constraints set out by law, in accordance with the values of democracy and fundamental rights, and under the control of independent and impartial courts.
In 1997, the law was changed back, so that the initial kick-off was once again taken by the team losing the toss. [21] The law was changed once again so beginning on 1 June 2019, the side winning the toss once again has the choice between kicking-off and choosing ends. The justification for this rule-change was that "[r]ecent law changes have ...
Today, Indonesia's legal system is based on Dutch Colonial Law, Adat Law and National Law. [3] [4] After Indonesia gained independence in August 1945, it adopted the Dutch HIR as its code of criminal procedure. In 1981, Indonesia replaced HIR with the KUHAP. The KUHAP improved upon the HIR by adding adversarial features to the criminal procedure.
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Pages in category "Common law rules" ... out of 27 total.
Law 41 of the Laws of Cricket covers unfair play. [1] This law has developed and expanded over time as various incidents of real life unfair play have been legislated against. The first section of Law 41 makes clear that the captains of the two teams have the responsibility for ensuring that play is conducted according to the spirit and ...
The highest law of the land is the 1945 Constitution, amended four times from 1999 to 2002 during the early Reformasi period. Under the current rules on Indonesian lawmaking, the type of laws enacted by the government are hierarchically structured as: The 1945 Constitution (Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945)
The Laws of the Game may refer to the codified rules of a number of different sports: Laws of the Game (association football) Laws of Australian rules football; Bandy Playing Rules; Rules of chess; Laws of cricket; Laws of rugby league; Laws of rugby union