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CS gas. The compound 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (also called o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile; chemical formula: C 10 H 5 ClN 2), a cyanocarbon, is the defining component of the lachrymatory agent commonly referred to as CS gas, a tear gas which is used as a riot control agent, and is banned for use in warfare due to the 1925 Geneva Protocol ...
Versions including CS are manufactured for police use. [26] Xylyl bromide, CN and CS are the oldest of these agents. CS is the most widely used. CN has the most recorded toxicity. [3] Typical manufacturer warnings on tear gas cartridges state "Danger: Do not fire directly at person(s). Severe injury or death may result."
Because of CN's significantly greater toxicity, [9] CN has largely been supplanted for military use by CS gas. Even though CN is still supplied to paramilitary and police forces in a small pressurized aerosol known as “Mace” or tear gas, CN's use is falling because pepper spray both works and disperses more quickly than CN and is less toxic ...
Sudanese forces extensively used CS gas during the latest wave of demonstrations began in 2018. [39] The use of CS gas fired through rifles or hand grenades is not exclusive to police forces but is widely used by non-trained militia to suppress protesters movement and to intimidate civilians by firing blindly into neighborhoods and homes. [40]
Mace is the brand name of an early type of aerosol self-defense spray invented by Alan Lee Litman in the 1960s. The first commercial product of its type, Litman's design packaged phenacyl chloride (CN) tear gas dissolved in hydrocarbon solvents into a small aerosol spray can, [1] usable in many environments and strong enough to act as a deterrent and incapacitant when sprayed in the face.
Pepper spray, oleoresin capsicum spray, OC spray, capsaicin spray, or capsicum spray is a lachrymator (tear gas) product containing the compound capsaicin as the active ingredient that irritates the eyes to cause burning and pain sensations, as well as temporary blindness. Its inflammatory effects cause the eyes to close, temporarily taking ...
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Most governments contend that forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad deployed the gas; [52] however, the Syrian Government has denied responsibility. On 13 February 2017, the nerve agent VX was used in the assassination of Kim Jong-nam , half-brother of the North Korean leader Kim Jong-un , at Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Malaysia .