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This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets, but excludes lunar missions, which are listed separately at List of lunar probes and List of Apollo missions.
The ESA has also considered a sample return mission, one of the latest known as Martian Moon Sample Return or MMSR, and it may use heritage from an asteroid sample return mission. [ 57 ] Osiris-Rex 2 was a proposal to make OR a double mission, with the other one collecting samples from the two Mars moons. [ 58 ]
Montage of planets and some moons that the two Voyager spacecraft have visited and studied. It is the only program that visited all four outer planets. A total of nine spacecraft have been launched on missions that involve visits to the outer planets; all nine missions involve encounters with Jupiter, with four spacecraft also visiting Saturn.
These proposals are usually associated with high-budget space agencies like NASA. Mission profiles may include strategies such as flybys, landers, or other types of system encounters aimed at exploring a gas giant and its moons. The missions that were launched can be found in the list of missions to the outer planets.
The oldest active spacecraft for Mars is 2001 Mars Odyssey. 2001 Mars Odyssey. Mission: Mars Odyssey was designed to map the surface of Mars and also acts as a relay for the Curiosity rover. [9] Its name is a tribute to the novel and 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey. Launched: 7 April 2001; Destination: Mars; Arrival: 24 October 2001 ...
The mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program which includes three previous successful landers: the two Viking program landers in 1976 and Mars Pathfinder probe in 1997. [80] The total cost of building, launching, landing and operating the rovers on the surface for the initial 90-Martian-day (sol) primary mission was US$820 million. [81]
Human missions to Mars have been part of science fiction since the 1880s, and more broadly, in fiction, Mars is a frequent target of exploration and settlement in books, graphic novels, and films. The concept of a Martian as something living on Mars is part of the fiction.
Mars 4 failed to enter Mars orbit and flew by it instead. [90] Mars 6: Mars 5 August 1973 12 March 1974 220 days (7 months, 8 days) The Mars 6 bus flew by Mars at a minimum distance of 1600 km. Also carried a lander. [13] Mars 7: Mars 9 August 1973 9 March 1974 213 days (7 months, 1 day) Mars 7's lander was released prematurely and missed Mars ...