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In an organization, communication occurs between members of different hierarchical positions. Superior-subordinate communication refers to the interactions between organizational leaders and their subordinates and how they work together to achieve personal and organizational goals [1] Satisfactory upward and downward communication is essential for a successful organization because it closes ...
Informal and formal communication are used in an organization. Formal communication flows downward, horizontal and upward while informal communication is generally referred to as "the grapevine". Formal communication refers to the flow of official information through proper, predefined channels and routes.
This results in mostly downward communication from supervisors to employees. [4] Little upward communication occurs, causing subordinates to be somewhat suspicious of communication coming from the top. The upper management tends to control the way employees can communicate to others and how they make decisions. [4]
Research has suggested that social comparisons with others who are better off or superior, or upward comparisons, can lower self-regard, [21] whereas downward comparisons can elevate self-regard. [22] Downward comparison theory emphasizes the positive effects of comparisons in increasing one's subjective well-being. [4]
Communication skills - The ability to express wants and needs related to work allocation sets a clear and coordinated roadmap and reduces the likelihood of misinterpretations. Time Management Motivation - Effective managers often use different types of motivation to influence subordinates and tailor assignments to suit them.
Communication and management are closely linked together. Since communication is the process of information exchange of two or people and management includes managers that gives out information to their people. Moreover, communication and management go hand in hand. [1] It is the way to extend control; the fundamental component of project ...
Lateral communication involves communication across chains of command. It facilitates coordination among departments. It probably takes place because people prefer the informality of lateral communication to the formal downward and upward communication. Those actively involved in lateral communication are called “boundary spanners.”
Upward communication is the process of information flowing from the lower levels of a hierarchy to the upper levels. This type of communication is becoming more popular in organizations as traditional forms of communication are becoming less popular. The more traditional organization types such as a hierarchy, places people into separate ranks.