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The word Mongol in various contemporary and historical scripts: 1.traditional, 2. folded, 3. 'Phags-pa, 4. Todo, 5. Manchu, 6. Soyombo, 7. horizontal square, 8. Cyrillic. Various Mongolian writing systems have been devised for the Mongolian language over the centuries, and from a variety of scripts.
In March 2020, the Mongolian government announced plans to use both Cyrillic and the traditional Mongolian script in official documents by 2025. [5] [6] [7] In China, the Cyrillic alphabet is also used by Chinese for learning the modern Mongolian language, as well as by some Mongols in Inner Mongolia to demonstrate their ethnic identity. [8] [9]
The traditional Mongolian script, [note 1] also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, [note 2] was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946. It is traditionally written in vertical lines from top to bottom, flowing in lines from left to right .
The number of speakers across all its dialects may be 5–6 million, including the vast majority of the residents of Mongolia and many of the ethnic Mongol residents of the Inner Mongolia of China. [1] In Mongolia, Khalkha Mongolian is predominant, and is currently written in both Cyrillic and the traditional Mongolian script.
1 Mongolian language. 2 Clear Script. 3 Xibe language. 4 Manchu language. 5 Notes. 6 References. ... [10]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ...
In speech, the date is spoken in the same format as it is written. Using the example: пүрэв (pürev), 2017 (Khoyor myanga doloon) оны (ony) 8 (Naiman) сарын (saryn) 10 (Арван). Ordinal Mongolian is a colloquial term used to express the day of the month instead of cardinal Mongolian. It is rarely used in formal writing.
[10]: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ө. [11] [4] Indistinguishable from ü, except where ö can be inferred from its context: ö is found in medial or final syllables if it's also found syllable-initially. [2]: 11, 20 [7]: 9–10 ᠥ᠋ = an alternative final form; also used in loanwords. [12]: 39
Transcribes Chakhar /t͡ʃ/; [10] [11] Khalkha /t͡ʃʰ/, and /t͡sʰ/ (Mongolian Cyrillic ч, and ц, respectively). [10]: § 1.2 [12]: 2 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ч. [6] [5] For Buryat, a derived letter with two dots on the right ᡸ; is used in places where č is pronounced as š. [13]