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The main source of pollution is untreated domestic and industrial wastewater. [31] Only one third of Philippine river systems are considered suitable for public water supply. [32] It is estimated that in 2025, water availability will be marginal in most major cities and in 8 of the 19 major river basins. [33]
Pollution in Manila Bay in 2008. Manila Bay is the catchment area of the Pasig and Pampanga River Basins. The Pasig River in the Philippines suffers from a high level of water pollution and efforts are being made to rehabilitate it.
A practical definition of water pollution is: "Water pollution is the addition of substances or energy forms that directly or indirectly alter the nature of the water body in such a manner that negatively affects its legitimate uses." [1]: 6 Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants.
Throughout history, the river was used as a major source of transportation, water, food, and livelihood for many Manila residents. The river was such an important part of the country that many houses were built alongside its shores. Malacañang Palace, the official residence of the president of the Philippines, is located alongside the river.
The Philippines Clear Water Act was passed to improve water quality and prevent pollution through comprehensive and integrated water management. The act was the first attempt of the Philippine government in consolidating different laws concerning water resources management as well as water supply and sanitation. [ 57 ]
The water crisis in Metro Manila, Philippines is an ongoing crisis affecting many households in Metro Manila in the form of water interruption. The crisis usually occurs in the dry season, from March to May. The water suppliers, Manila Water and Maynilad, hold responsibility for this crisis.
Water privatization in Metro Manila began when the then President of the Philippines, Fidel Ramos, instructed the government in 1994 to solve what he called the water crisis in Manila by engaging with the private sector. In 1997, two concession contracts for the Eastern and Western halves of Metro Manila were awarded after an open competition ...
In 2015, two consortia were pre-qualified to bid for the undertaking of the Kaliwa Dam project [17] — the SMC-K Water Consortium, which is a partnership between San Miguel Holdings Corp. and Korea Water Resources Corp.; and the Abeima-Datem Consortium, which is a partnership between Albeinsa Infraestructura Medio Ambiento S.A and Datem Inc. [17]