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It is thought to activate these receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus in the brain to regulate the circadian clock and sleep–wake cycles. [21] Immediate-release melatonin has a short elimination half-life of about 20 to 50 minutes. [22] [9] [10] Prolonged-release melatonin used as a medication has a half-life of 3.5 to ...
Eszopiclone, sold under the brand name Lunesta among others, is a medication used in the treatment of insomnia. [3][4] Evidence supports slight to moderate benefit up to six months. [5][4][6] It is taken by mouth. [3][5] Common side effects include headache, dry mouth, nausea, and dizziness. [5] Severe side effects may include suicidal thoughts ...
Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine, or Z-drug, which acts as a sedative and hypnotic. [11][20] Zolpidem is a GABA A receptor agonist of the imidazopyridine class. [11] It works by increasing GABA effects in the central nervous system by binding to GABA A receptors at the same location as benzodiazepines. [11]
Zopiclone is a sedative. It works by causing a depression or tranquilization of the central nervous system. After prolonged use, the body can become accustomed to the effects of zopiclone. When the dose is then reduced or the drug is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms may result.
Sleep medicine is a medical specialty or subspecialty devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders. [1] From the middle of the 20th century, research has provided increasing knowledge of, and answered many questions about, sleep–wake functioning. [2] The rapidly evolving field [3] has become a recognized medical ...
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping. [1][11] They may have difficulty falling asleep, or staying asleep for as long as desired. [1][9][12] Insomnia is typically followed by daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and a depressed mood. [1] It may result in an increased risk of ...
Zolpidem tartrate, a common but potent sedative–hypnotic drug.Used for severe insomnia. Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep [1]), or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of (and umbrella term for) psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep [2] (or surgical anesthesia [note 1]) and to treat insomnia (sleeplessness).
This is a list of investigational sleep drugs, or drugs for the treatment of sleep disorders that are currently under development for clinical use but are not yet approved. Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses.