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Water can come from roofs leaking during rainstorms, floods, fire sprinkler systems, or broken pipes. [7] It can soften and destroy the bone, antler, or horn if it becomes waterlogged. Mold and mildew growth can cause further damage. If the water in the crevices or pores of the bone, antler, or horn were to freeze, it would crack the object.
Waterlogged wood is a wooden object that has been submerged or partially submerged in water and has affected the original intended purpose or look of the object. Waterlogged wood objects can also include wood found within moist soil from archaeological sites, underwater archaeology, maritime debris, or damaged wood objects.
Most medium-sized animals (like dogs) are macerated within about ten days. Lipids and fatty acids in the bone and in the fat tissues tend to stain the bone brown. Oxidising bleaches may be used to whiten the bone, but if too much is used the perchlorate or hypochlorite damages the bone tissue, leaving it chalky and brittle. Hydrogen peroxide at ...
The organic components in ivory is called ossein, which is decomposed by hydrolysis and after long-term exposure can cause the ivory to turn into a sponge-like substance. Even for cleaning purposes, water can damage ivory so it should be avoided. [8] Pollutants. Corroded metals and colored materials can stain ivory and should not be placed near ...
Instead, the needles were created from the bones of red foxes, bobcats, mountain lions, lynx, the now-extinct American cheetah, and hares or rabbits, the study found.
These methods will leave the feathers in good condition in their natural alignment. However, solvents may be needed to clean feathers if dust is held in place by grease, which can leach out of skins. Distilled water may be used if dry methods fail, but more stubborn dust may need to be cleaned with non-denatured 70% ethanol.
Add aromatics (like roughly chopped celery, carrots, and onions); spices (like black peppercorns); and herbs (like thyme and parsley); and cover with water to submerge. Bring liquid to a boil over ...
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