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Prime number: A positive integer with exactly two positive divisors: itself and 1. The primes form an infinite sequence 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, ... Composite number: A positive integer that can be factored into a product of smaller positive integers. Every integer greater than one is either prime or composite.
Other integer data types are implemented with a fixed size, usually a number of bits which is a power of 2 (4, 8, 16, etc.) or a memorable number of decimal digits (e.g., 9 or 10). Cardinality The set of integers is countably infinite , meaning it is possible to pair each integer with a unique natural number.
In number theory, an abundant number or excessive number is a positive integer for which the sum of its proper divisors is greater than the number. The integer 12 is the first abundant number. The integer 12 is the first abundant number.
The factorial of a non-negative integer n, denoted by n!, is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. For example, 5! = 5×4×3×2×1 = 120. By convention, the value of 0! is defined as 1. This classical factorial function appears prominently in many theorems in number theory. The following are a few of these theorems. [1]
In number theory, the radical of a positive integer n is defined as the product of the distinct prime numbers dividing n. Each prime factor of n occurs exactly once as a factor of this product: r a d ( n ) = ∏ p ∣ n p prime p {\displaystyle \displaystyle \mathrm {rad} (n)=\prod _{\scriptstyle p\mid n \atop p{\text{ prime}}}p}
An integer is square-free if and only if it is equal to its radical. Every positive integer can be represented in a unique way as the product of a powerful number (that is an integer such that is divisible by the square of every prime factor) and a square-free integer, which are coprime.
A Nivenmorphic number or harshadmorphic number for a given number base is an integer t such that there exists some harshad number N whose digit sum is t, and t, written in that base, terminates N written in the same base. For example, 18 is a Nivenmorphic number for base 10: 16218 is a harshad number 16218 has 18 as digit sum 18 terminates 16218
For example: In Peano arithmetic , second-order arithmetic and related systems, and indeed in most (not necessarily formal) mathematical treatments of the well-ordering principle, the principle is derived from the principle of mathematical induction , which is itself taken as basic.