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The following diagnostic systems and rating scales are used in psychiatry and clinical psychology.This list is by no means exhaustive or complete. For instance, in the category of depression, there are over two dozen depression rating scales that have been developed in the past eighty years.
A 1999 review found that the BAI was the third most used research measure of anxiety, behind the STAI and the Fear Survey Schedule, [25] which provides quantitative information about how clients react to possible sources of maladaptive emotional reactions. The BAI has been used in a variety of different patient groups, including adolescents.
A study with a sample of inpatient children/adolescents was consistent with the tripartite model as well. [18] Findings from a study in 2006 of a community sample of youth supported the tripartite in youth and further supported that anxiety and depression do represent unique syndromes in youth based on differences found in positive affect. [22]
An alternate, widely used classification publication is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), produced by the World Health Organization (WHO). [13] The ICD has a broader scope than the DSM, covering overall health as well as mental health; chapter 6 of the ICD specifically covers mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders.
The HADS is a 14-item scale, with seven items relating to anxiety and seven relating to depression. [2] Zigmond and Snaith created this outcome measure specifically to avoid reliance on aspects of these conditions that are also common somatic symptoms of illness, for example fatigue and insomnia or hypersomnia. This, it was hoped, would create ...
"The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-11-20 (49.0 KB) Clinically Useful Psychiatric Scales: HAM-D (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Accessed March 6, 2009. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - Original scientific paper published in 1960 in Psychiatry out of Print website. Accessed June 27, 2008.
Research shows a connection between social stress, such as traumatic life events and chronic strains, and the development of anxiety disorders. [63] [64] A study that examined a subpopulation of adults, both young and middle-age, found that those who had diagnosed panic disorder in adulthood also experienced sexual abuse during childhood. [65]
Site members may follow a research interest, in addition to following other individual members. [10] It has a blogging feature for users to write short reviews on peer-reviewed articles. [10] ResearchGate indexes self-published information on user profiles to suggest members to connect with others who have similar interests. [3]