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Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is gastrointestinal bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, commonly defined as bleeding arising from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. Blood may be observed in vomit or in altered form as black stool. Depending on the amount of the blood loss, symptoms may include shock.
An upper GI bleed is more common than lower GI bleed. [2] An upper GI bleed occurs in 50 to 150 per 100,000 adults per year. [8] A lower GI bleed is estimated to occur in 20 to 30 per 100,000 per year. [2] It results in about 300,000 hospital admissions a year in the United States. [1] Risk of death from a GI bleed is between 5% and 30%.
Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is an uncommon cause of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding or iron deficiency anemia. [1] [2] The condition is associated with dilated small blood vessels in the gastric antrum, which is a distal part of the stomach. [1] The dilated vessels result in intestinal bleeding. [3]
Dieulafoy lesions are characterized by a single abnormally large blood vessel beneath the gastrointestinal mucosa that bleeds, [8] in the absence of any ulcer, erosion, or other abnormality in the mucosa. The size of these blood vessels varies from 1–5 mm (more than 10 times the normal diameter of mucosal capillaries).
Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common complication. Sudden large bleeding can be life-threatening. Sudden large bleeding can be life-threatening. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] It is associated with 5% to 10% death rate.
Heyde's syndrome; A stenotic aortic valve: Specialty: Cardiology, general surgery, Hematology: Symptoms: Aortic valve stenosis symptoms: Chest pain (angina) or tightness Shortness of breath, especially during exertion or when lying down Fatigue or weakness Irregular heartbeat or heart palpitations Dizziness or fainting episodes Gastrointestinal bleeding symptoms: Occult (hidden) or overt ...
The source is generally the upper gastrointestinal tract, typically above the suspensory muscle of duodenum. It may be caused by ulcers, tumors of the stomach or esophagus, varices, prolonged and vigorous retching, gastroenteritis, ingested blood (from bleeding in the mouth, nose, or throat), or certain drugs. [citation needed]
Hemosuccus pancreaticus is a rare cause of hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract.It is caused by a bleeding source in the pancreas, pancreatic duct, or structures adjacent to the pancreas, such as the splenic artery, that bleed into the pancreatic duct, which is connected with the bowel at the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.