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Astronomy – studies the universe beyond Earth, including its formation and development, and the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects (such as galaxies, planets, etc.) and phenomena that originate outside the atmosphere of Earth (such as the cosmic background radiation).
Theoretical astronomy is the use of analytical and computational models based on principles from physics and chemistry to describe and explain astronomical objects and astronomical phenomena. Theorists in astronomy endeavor to create theoretical models and from the results predict observational consequences of those models.
Celestial mechanics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the motions of objects in outer space. Historically, celestial mechanics applies principles of physics (classical mechanics) to astronomical objects, such as stars and planets, to produce ephemeris data.
Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry "to ascertain the nature of the astronomical objects, rather than their positions or motions in space". [ 74 ] [ 75 ] Among the objects studied are the Sun , other stars , galaxies , extrasolar planets , the interstellar medium and the cosmic microwave ...
The basic elements of Ptolemaic astronomy, showing a planet on an epicycle (smaller dashed circle), a deferent (larger dashed circle), the eccentric (×) and an equant (•). In both Hipparchian and Ptolemaic systems, the planets are assumed to move in a small circle called an epicycle , which in turn moves along a larger circle called a ...
Astrophysics is a science that employs the methods and principles of physics and chemistry in the study of astronomical objects and phenomena. [1] [2] As one of the founders of the discipline, James Keeler, said, astrophysics "seeks to ascertain the nature of the heavenly bodies, rather than their positions or motions in space—what they are, rather than where they are", [3] which is studied ...
Astronomical fall starts on the autumnal equinox, between Sept. 2 Equinox comes from the Latin words aequi, which means equal, and nox, which means night. On the day of the equinox, the sun's rays ...
and are the masses of objects 1 and 2, and is the specific angular momentum of object 2 with respect to object 1. The parameter θ {\displaystyle \theta } is known as the true anomaly , p {\displaystyle p} is the semi-latus rectum , while e {\displaystyle e} is the orbital eccentricity , all obtainable from the various forms of the six ...