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– avoir, from which ai is inflected, 'have' is an auxiliary used to build the perfect tense/aspect in French. [6] I have seen the sun = 'I have seen the sun/I saw the sun.' g. Nous sommes hébergés par un ami. – être, from which sommes is inflected, 'be' is an auxiliary used to build the passive voice in French. [7] We are hosted by a friend.
Thus, turning an active sense of a verb into a passive sense is a valence-decreasing process ("detransitivizing process"), because it syntactically turns a transitive sense into an intransitive sense. [3] This is not always the case; for example in Japanese a passive-voice construction does not necessarily decrease valence. [4]
French uses both the active voice and the passive voice. The active voice is unmarked while the passive voice is formed by using a form of verb être ("to be") and the past participle. Example of the active voice: " Elle aime le chien." She loves the dog. " Marc a conduit la voiture." Marc drove the car. Example of the passive voice:
French verbs have a large number of simple (one-word) forms. These are composed of two distinct parts: the stem (or root, or radix), which indicates which verb it is, and the ending (inflection), which indicates the verb's tense (imperfect, present, future etc.) and mood and its subject's person (I, you, he/she etc.) and number, though many endings can correspond to multiple tense-mood-subject ...
Participles, both active and passive, are formed in -öl: Logöl seeing, elogöl having seen, ologöl being about to see, palogöl seen (being seen), pelogöl seen (having been seen), pologöl about to be seen. Binob penöl is literally 'I am writing', though penob is also used. For "I write" as habitual action, the habitual aspect is used.
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French verbs are conjugated by isolating the stem of the verb and adding an ending. In the first and second conjugation, the stem is easily identifiable from the infinitive, and remains essentially constant throughout the paradigm. For example, the stem of parler ("speak") is parl-and the stem of finir ("finish") is fin-. In the third group ...
In an active voice sentence like Sam ate the apples, the grammatical subject, Sam, is the agent and is acting on the patient, the apples, which are the object of the verb, ate. In the passive voice, The apples were eaten by Sam , the order is reversed and so that patient is followed by the verb and then the agent.
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