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Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent pregnancy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth control only became available in the 20th century. [ 3 ]
Contraception, also known as birth control, is a form of reproductive technology that enables people to prevent pregnancy. [9] There are many forms of contraception, but the term covers any method or device which is intended to prevent pregnancy in a sexually active woman.
Women of the time still used a number of birth control measures such as coitus interruptus, inserting lily root and rue into the vagina, and infanticide after birth. [16] Historian John M. Riddle has advanced the hypothesis that women in classical antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Early Modern period used herbs to control fertility.
The history of intrauterine devices dates back to the early 20th century. Unlike modern intrauterine devices, early interuterine (from Latin inter-, meaning "between", as opposed to intra-) devices crossed both the vagina and the uterus, causing a high rate of pelvic inflammatory disease. The first IUD was developed in 1909 by the German ...
Fertility in colloquial terms refers the ability to have offspring. In demographic contexts, fertility refers to the actual production of offspring, rather than the physical capability to reproduce, which is termed fecundity. [1] [2] [3] The fertility rate is the average number of children born during an individual's lifetime.
Natural fertility is a concept developed by the French historical demographer Louis Henry to refer to the level of fertility that would prevail in a population that makes no conscious effort to limit, regulate, or control fertility, so that fertility depends only on physiological factors affecting fecundity.
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Oral contraceptives may also be developed for population control among a variety of animals, including deer, feral pigs, coyotes, cougars, dogs and cats. [8] One product that has been developed for rodents like mice and rats , which originally went by the name Mouseopause , was approved for commercial use under the name ContraPest . [ 9 ]