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Lin supervising the destruction of opium. In March 1839, Lin started to take measures that would eliminate the opium trade. [11] He was a formidable bureaucrat known for his competence and high moral standards, with an imperial commission from the Daoguang Emperor to halt the illegal importation of opium by the British.
The First Opium War broke out in 1839 between China and Britain and was fought over trading rights (including the right of free trade) and Britain's diplomatic status among Chinese officials. In the eighteenth century, China enjoyed a trade surplus with Europe, trading porcelain , silk , and tea in exchange for silver .
In May 1817, he abandoned medicine for trade. Jardine was a resident in China from 1820 to 1839. His early success in Canton as a commercial agent for opium merchants in India led to his admission in 1825 as a partner in Magniac & Co., and by 1826 he controlled that firm's Canton operations.
Western and Japanese trade in opium to China (1800s–1940s) Defeat in the First Opium War (1839–1842) by the British and the occupation of Hong Kong. The unequal treaties (in particular, Nanjing, Whampoa, Aigun, and Shimonoseki) Defeat in the Second Opium War (1856–1860) and the sacking and looting of the Old Summer Palace by Anglo-French ...
In 1839, the Daoguang Emperor, rejecting proposals to legalise and tax opium, appointed Viceroy of Huguang Lin Zexu to go to Guangzhou to halt the opium trade completely. [7] Lin wrote an open letter to Queen Victoria appealing to her moral responsibility to stop the opium trade, although she never received it.
The skirmish was the first armed conflict of the First Opium War and occurred when British boats opened fire on Chinese war junks enforcing a food sales embargo on the British community. The ban was ordered after a Chinese man died in a brawl with drunk British sailors at Tsim Sha Tsui .
This in turn interfered with the trade of British merchantmen in China. [3] In October 1839 a cargo ship, the Thomas Coutts, under the command of captain Warner arrived in Canton from Singapore. The ship carried cotton from Bombay, and, since the captain was not trading opium, he defied Elliot's request and signed the Chinese bond. He held a ...
The decade witnessed a rapid rise in the sale of opium in China, [2] despite efforts by the Daoguang Emperor to end the trade. [3] A turning point came in 1834, with the end of the monopoly of the East India Company, leaving trade in the hands of private entrepreneurs. By 1838, opium sales climbed to 40,000 chests.