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Modern open fireplace An outdoor fireplace. A fireplace or hearth is a structure made of brick, stone or metal designed to contain a fire. Fireplaces are used for the relaxing ambiance they create and for heating a room. Modern fireplaces vary in heat efficiency, depending on the design.
A brick flue (Russian: боров) in the attic, sometimes with a chamber for smoking food, is required to slow down the cooling of the stove. [3] Russian stove in an izba, photographed before 1917. The Russian stove is usually in the centre of the log hut . The builders of Russian stoves are referred to as pechniki, "stovemakers". Good ...
A brick chimney breast. A chimney breast is a portion of a chimney which projects forward from a wall to accommodate a fireplace. [1] Typically on the ground floor of a structure, the masonry extends upwards, containing a flue which carries smoke out of the building through a chimney stack. [2]
Floor plans use standard symbols to indicate features such as doors. This symbol shows the location of the door in a wall and which way the door opens. A floor plan is not a top view or bird's-eye view; it is a measured drawing to scale of the layout of a floor in a building.
The Rumford fireplace created a sensation in London when he introduced the idea of restricting the chimney opening to increase the updraft. [5] He and his workers changed fireplaces by inserting bricks into the hearth to make the side walls angled, and they added a choke to the chimney to create a circulation of air inside the chimney.
Also available are firebrick "splits" which are half the thickness and are often used to line wood stoves and fireplace inserts. The dimensions of a split are usually 229 mm × 114 mm × 32 mm (9 in × 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in). [3] Fire brick was first invented in 1822 by William Weston Young in the Neath Valley of Wales.
It is now possible to buy "faux-brick" facades to cover these modern chimney structures. Other potential problems include: "spalling" brick, in which moisture seeps into the brick and then freezes, cracking and flaking the brick and loosening mortar seals. shifting foundations, which may degrade integrity of chimney masonry
In both cases it is the final piece placed during construction and locks all the stones into position, allowing the arch or vault to bear weight. [1] [2] [3] In arches and vaults (such as quasi-domes) keystones are often enlarged beyond the structural requirements and decorated. A variant in domes and crowning vaults is a lantern.