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Psychological and sociological effects of space flight are important to understanding how to successfully achieve the goals of long-duration expeditionary missions. Although robotic spacecraft have landed on Mars , plans have also been discussed for a human expedition , perhaps in the 2030s, [ 1 ] for a return mission.
The record for most time in space is held by Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko, who has spent 1110 days, 14 hours, 57 minutes in space over five missions. He broke the record of Gennady Padalka on 4 February 2024 at 07:30:08 UTC during his fifth spaceflight aboard Soyuz MS-24/25 for a one year long-duration mission on the ISS. [21]
Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov looks out space station Mir's window during his 438-day flight in 1994–1995. Timeline of longest spaceflights is a chronology of the longest spaceflights. Many of the first flights set records measured in hours and days, the space station missions of the 1970s and 1980s pushed this to weeks and months, and by the ...
That tour of duty was a planned extended mission, designed by NASA to study the long-term effects of spaceflight on the human body. A Russian cosmonaut also holds the current record for the most ...
The program marked the last launch of the Saturn V rocket on May 14, 1973. Many experiments were performed on board, including unprecedented solar studies. [65] The longest crewed mission of the program was Skylab 4 which lasted 84 days, from November 16, 1973, to February 8, 1974. [66]
The mission was the longest mission in Space Shuttle history. [7] On this mission, Story Musgrave became the only person to fly on all five Space Shuttles – Challenger, Atlantis, Discovery, Endeavour, and Columbia. [8] Musgrave also tied a record for spaceflights, and set a record for being the oldest man in space. [1]
He is the record holder for the longest single stay in space, staying aboard the Mir space station for more than 14 months (437 days 18 hours) during one trip. [1] His combined space experience was more than 22 months. [2] Selected as a cosmonaut in 1972, Polyakov made his first flight into space aboard Soyuz TM-6 in 1988.
His mission was originally planned to last around six months with a return to Earth in early 2023. However, damage to the spacecraft extended the mission, and Rubio returned to Earth with Soyuz MS-23 on September 27, 2023. This means he broke Mark T. Vande Hei's previous record for the longest spaceflight by an American astronaut with 371 days. [8]