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Cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs is the nerve supply to areas of the skin of the lower limbs (including the feet) which are supplied by specific cutaneous nerves. Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves , but there are minor variations in some of the details.
In the thigh, the nerve lies in a groove between iliacus muscle and psoas major muscle, outside the femoral sheath, and lateral to the femoral artery. After a short course of about 4 cm in the thigh, the nerve is divided into anterior and posterior divisions, separated by lateral femoral circumflex artery. The branches are shown below: [1]
The anterior branch runs downward on the sartorius, perforates the fascia lata at the lower third of the thigh, and divides into two branches: one supplies the integument as low down as the medial side of the knee; the other crosses to the lateral side of the patella, communicating in its course with the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve.
Autonomic nervous system's jurisdiction to organs in the human body edit; Organ Nerves [1] Spinal column origin [1]; stomach: PS: anterior and posterior vagal trunks; S: greater splanchnic nerves
Along the arms and the legs, the pattern is different: the dermatomes run longitudinally along the limbs. Although the general pattern is similar in all people, the precise areas of innervation are as unique to an individual as fingerprints. An area of skin innervated by a single nerve is called a peripheral nerve field.
The reflex utilizes sensory and motor fibers from two different nerves. When the inner thigh is stroked, sensory fibers of the ilioinguinal nerve are stimulated. These activate the motor fibers of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve which causes the cremaster muscle to contract and elevate the testis. [2]: 262
The nerve of the anterior compartment of thigh is the femoral nerve. [2] Innervation for the quadriceps muscles come from the posterior division of the femoral nerve, while the anterior division (which contains cutaneous as well as muscular components) gives a lateral and a medial branch, the second being responsible for the innervation of the sartorius muscle. [4]
Cross section of the thigh showing the fascial compartments in different colors. Green is the medial compartment (gracilis and adductor magnus), blue is the posterior (semimembrosus to biceps c. brevis) and red is the anterior (vastus lateralis to sartorius).