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  2. Packet Tracer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_Tracer

    Packet Tracer is commonly used by NetAcad students, since it is available to download after creating a free account. [10] However, due to functional limitations, it is intended by Cisco to be used only as a learning aid, not a replacement for Cisco routers and switches . [ 9 ]

  3. Carrier Routing System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_Routing_System

    Carrier Routing System (CRS) is a modular and distributed core router developed by Cisco Systems Inc that enables service providers to deliver data, voice, and video services over a scalable IP Next-Generation Network (NGN) infrastructure. In a network topology, these routers are generally positioned in the core or edge of a service provider ...

  4. Open Shortest Path First - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Shortest_Path_First

    An area border router is a router that connects one or more areas to the main backbone network. It is considered a member of all areas it is connected to. An ABR keeps multiple instances of the link-state database in memory, one for each area to which that router is connected. Backbone router (BR) A backbone router has an interface to the ...

  5. Cisco IOS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_IOS

    On router platforms with software-only forwarding (e.g., Cisco 7200), most traffic handling, including access control list filtering and forwarding, is done at interrupt level using Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) or dCEF (Distributed CEF). This means IOS does not have to do a process context switch to forward a packet.

  6. Network address translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_address_translation

    If a packet is sent to 203.0.113.1 by a computer at 192.168.1.100, the packet would normally be routed to the default gateway (the router) [e] A router with the NAT loopback feature detects that 203.0.113.1 is the address of its WAN interface, and treats the packet as if coming from that interface. It determines the destination for that packet ...

  7. Administrative distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_distance

    Router vendors typically design their routers to assign a default administrative distance to each kind of route. For example, on Cisco routers, routes issued by the Open Shortest Path First routing protocol have a lower default administrative distance than routes issued by the Routing Information Protocol. This is because, by default on Cisco ...

  8. Reverse-path forwarding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse-path_forwarding

    In standard unicast IP routing, the router forwards the packet away from the source to make progress along the distribution tree and prevent routing loops. In contrast, the router's multicast forwarding state runs more logically by organizing tables based on the reverse path, from the receiver back to the root of the distribution tree at the ...

  9. Routing table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routing_table

    The primary function of a router is to forward a packet toward its destination network, which is the destination IP address of the packet. To do this, a router needs to search the routing information stored in its routing table. The routing table contains network/next hop associations. These associations tell a router that a particular ...