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Perineal pain after childbirth has immediate and long-term negative effects for women and their babies. These effects can interfere with breastfeeding and the care of the infant. [24] The pain from injection sites and possible episiotomy is managed by the frequent assessment of the report of pain from the mother. Pain can come from possible ...
Since the fetus is smaller and does not have a fully developed liver, the concentration of alcohol in its bloodstream lasts longer, increasing the chances of detrimental side effects. [69] The severity of effects alcohol may have on a developing fetus depends upon the amount and frequency of alcohol consumed as well as the stage of pregnancy.
NSAIDs (such as indomethacin) and calcium channel blockers (such as nifedipine) are the most likely to delay delivery for 48 hours, with the least amount of maternal and neonatal side effects. [46] Otherwise, tocolysis is rarely successful beyond 24 to 48 hours because current medications do not alter the fundamentals of labor activation. [47]
Doctors used to recommend taking a low-dose aspirin daily, but this has changed in recent years. ... routinely taking baby aspirin to lower the risk ... disease or stroke and then stopped taking ...
Histopathology of placenta with increased syncytial knotting of chorionic villi, with two knots pointed out. The following characteristics of placentas have been said to be associated with placental insufficiency, however all of them occur in normal healthy placentas and full term healthy births, so none of them can be used to accurately diagnose placental insufficiency: [citation needed]
sudden-onset abdominal pain [5] [8] contractions that seem continuous and do not stop [5] vaginal bleeding [5] [8] enlarged uterus (disproportionate to the gestational age of the fetus) [5] decreased fetal movement [5] decreased fetal heart rate. [5] Vaginal bleeding, if it occurs, may be bright red or dark. [1]
Treatment of this condition is very similar to treatment of non-gravid heart failure patients, however, safety of the fetus must be prioritized. For example, for anticoagulation due to increased risk for thromboembolism, low molecular weight heparin which is safe for use during pregnancy is used instead of warfarin which crosses the placenta. [37]
The potentially harmful side effects of analgesic drugs are the same for babies as they are for adults and are both well known and manageable. There are three forms of analgesia suitable for the treatment of pain in babies: paracetamol (acetaminophen), the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and the opioids. Paracetamol is safe and effective ...