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The Tupi people, a subdivision of the Tupi-Guarani linguistic families, were one of the largest groups of indigenous peoples in Brazil before its colonization. Scholars believe that while they first settled in the Amazon rainforest, from about 2,900 years ago the Tupi started to migrate southward and gradually occupied the Atlantic coast of Southeast Brazil.
Old Tupi is the only indigenous language with a significant presence in the lexicon of the Portuguese spoken in Brazil, as well as in its toponymy and anthroponymy. It also left a legacy in Brazilian literature , such as the lyrical and theatrical poetry of Joseph of Anchieta and the letters of the Camarão Indians .
Eduardo Navarro was the organizer and main translator of the books Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poems: Portuguese and Tupi poetry), of 1997, and Teatro, of 1999, in which he wrote explanatory notes and modernized the original spelling of the texts, most of which had been written in Old Tupi by José de Anchieta.
The Tupi-Guarani mythology is the set of narratives about the gods and spirits of the different Tupi-Guarani peoples, ancient and current.Together with the cosmogonies, anthropogonies and rituals, they form part of the religion of these peoples.
The expression Tupin-i-ki means the Tupi next door, side neighbor. [2] [3] [better source needed] Tupinã-ki means a parallel situated tribe or branch of the Tupi.[4]In Brazil, the term "Tupiniquim" has come to colloquially mean "Brazilian" or "national". [5]
Anthropologist Benedito Prezia stated at the book launch ceremony that Navarro is fulfilling a historical debt with Tupi. He pointed out that the last dictionary (which was, in fact, a vocabulary) was published in 1950 and that until then, the main reference for Tupi was still the dictionary from the 16th century Jesuits.
1921 Watercolor Maní Oca, the birth of Maní, by Vicente do Rego Monteiro.. Maní, a Tupí myth of origins, is the name of an indigenous girl with very fair complexion.The Amazonian legend of Maní is related to the cult of Manioc, the native staple food that sprang from her grave.
The name Tupinambá was also applied to other Tupi-speaking groups, such as the Tupiniquim, Potiguara, Tupinambá, Temiminó, Caeté, Tabajara, Tamoio, and Tupinaé, among others. [1] Before and during their first contact with the Portuguese, the Tupinambás had been living along the entire Eastern Atlantic coast of Brazil.