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The first spacecraft to explore Jupiter was Pioneer 10, which flew past the planet in December 1973, followed by Pioneer 11 twelve months later. Pioneer 10 obtained the first close-up images of Jupiter and its Galilean moons; the spacecraft studied the planet's atmosphere, detected its magnetic field, observed its radiation belts and determined ...
The spacecraft recorded important heliophysics data in early August 1972 by registering a solar shock wave when it was at a distance of 2.2 AU (330 million km; 200 million mi). [38] On July 15, 1972, Pioneer 10 was the first spacecraft to enter the asteroid belt, [4] located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The project planners expected ...
2001: A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick.The screenplay was written by Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke.Its plot was inspired by several short stories optioned from Clarke, primarily "The Sentinel" (1951) and "Encounter in the Dawn" (1953). [3]
The first spacecraft to visit an asteroid was Pioneer 10, which flew past an unnamed asteroid on 2 August 1972; a distant incidental encounter while the probe was en route to Jupiter. The first dedicated mission was NEAR Shoemaker , which was launched in February 1996, and entered orbit around 433 Eros in February 2000, having first flown past ...
Voyager 2 flew by Uranus and was the first spacecraft to visit it. Neptune 25 August 1989 4389 days (12 yr, 6 days) Voyager 2 flew by Neptune and was the first spacecraft to visit it. Voyager 1: Jupiter 5 September 1977 5 March 1979 547 days (1 yr, 6 mo, 1 d) Voyager 1 flew by Jupiter and returned the first detailed images. [94] Saturn 12 ...
Galileo arrived at Jupiter on December 7, 1995, after gravitational assist flybys of Venus and Earth, and became the first spacecraft to orbit an outer planet. [4] The Jet Propulsion Laboratory built the Galileo spacecraft and managed the Galileo program for NASA. West Germany's Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm supplied the propulsion module.
The United States Spacecraft Discovery [1] is a fictional spacecraft appearing in the Space Odyssey series by Stanley Kubrick and Arthur C. Clarke. The ship is a nuclear-powered interplanetary spaceship, crewed by two men and controlled by the on-board computer HAL 9000. The ship is destroyed in the second novel and makes no further appearances.
The general approach to how space travel is engineered is highly accurate; in particular, the design of the ships was based on actual engineering considerations rather than attempts to look aesthetically "futuristic". [8] Many other science-fiction films give spacecraft an aerodynamic shape, which is superfluous in outer space.