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A directory is a logical section of a file system used to hold files. Directories may also contain other directories. The cd command can be used to change into a subdirectory, move back into the parent directory, move all the way back to the root directory or move to any given directory.
In Linux, if the script was executed by a regular user, the shell would attempt to execute the command rm -rf / as a regular user, and the command would fail. However, if the script was executed by the root user, then the command would likely succeed and the filesystem would be erased. It is recommended to use sudo on a per-command basis instead.
Windows PowerShell, a command processor based on .NET Framework. PowerShell, a command processor based on .NET; Hamilton C shell, a clone of the Unix C shell by Hamilton Laboratories; Take Command Console (4NT), a clone of CMD.EXE with added features by JP Software; Take Command, a newer incarnation of 4NT
The directory stack underlies the functions of these two commands. It is an array of paths stored as an environment variable in the CLI, which can be viewed using the command dirs in Unix or Get-Location -stack in PowerShell. The current working directory is always at the top of the stack.
Windows NT introduced an enhanced 32-bit command interpreter that could execute scripts with either the .CMD or .BAT extension. Cmd.exe added additional commands, and implemented existing ones in a slightly different way, so that the same batch file (with different extension) might work differently with cmd.exe and COMMAND.COM.
COMMAND.COM's successor on OS/2 and Windows NT systems is cmd.exe, although COMMAND.COM is available in virtual DOS machines on IA-32 versions of those operating systems as well. The COMMAND.COM filename was also used by Disk Control Program (DCP), an MS-DOS derivative by the former East German VEB Robotron. [2] COMMAND.COM is a DOS program.
This use of slash can still be found in the command interface under Microsoft Windows. By contrast, Unix uses the hyphen-minus character ("-") as a command-line switch prefix. When directory support was added to MS-DOS in version 2.0, "/" was kept as the switch prefix character for backward compatibility. Microsoft chose the backslash character ...
A shell script (or job) can report progress of long running tasks to the interactive user. Unix/Linux systems may offer other tools support using progress indicators from scripts or as standalone-commands, such as the program "pv". [49] These are not integrated features of the shells, however.