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  2. Physically based rendering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physically_based_rendering

    A diamond plate texture rendered close-up using physically based rendering principles. Microfacet abrasions cover the material, giving it a rough, realistic look even though the material is a metal. Specular highlights are high and realistically modeled at the appropriate edge of the tread using a normal map.

  3. Caustic (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caustic_(optics)

    Some examples of 3D ray-traced caustics can be found here. The focus of most computer graphics systems is aesthetics rather than physical accuracy. This is especially true when it comes to real-time graphics in computer games [8] where generic pre-calculated textures are mostly used instead of physically correct calculations.

  4. UV mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV_mapping

    UV mapping is the 3D modeling process of projecting a 3D model's surface to a 2D image for texture mapping. The letters "U" and "V" denote the axes of the 2D texture because "X", "Y", and "Z" are already used to denote the axes of the 3D object in model space, while "W" (in addition to XYZ) is used in calculating quaternion rotations, a common ...

  5. Texture mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_mapping

    A texture map [5] [6] is an image applied (mapped) to the surface of a shape or polygon. [7] This may be a bitmap image or a procedural texture.They may be stored in common image file formats, referenced by 3D model formats or material definitions, and assembled into resource bundles.

  6. Scenery generator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenery_generator

    A scenery generator is software used to create landscape images, 3D models, and animations. These programs often use procedural generation to generate the landscapes. If not using procedural generation to create the landscapes, then normally a 3D artist would render and create the landscapes. These programs are often used in video games or movies.

  7. Geodesic polyhedron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic_polyhedron

    Geodesic polyhedra are available as geometric primitives in the Blender 3D modeling software package, which calls them icospheres: they are an alternative to the UV sphere, having a more regular distribution. [4] [5] The Goldberg–Coxeter construction is an expansion of the concepts underlying geodesic polyhedra.

  8. Subsurface scattering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_scattering

    Real-world subsurface scattering of light in a photograph of a human hand Computer-generated subsurface scattering in Blender. Subsurface scattering (SSS), also known as subsurface light transport (SSLT), [1] is a mechanism of light transport in which light that penetrates the surface of a translucent object is scattered by interacting with the material and exits the surface potentially at a ...

  9. Cel shading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cel_shading

    Cel shading or toon shading is a type of non-photorealistic rendering designed to make 3D computer graphics appear to be flat by using less shading color instead of a shade gradient or tints and shades. A cel shader is often used to mimic the style of a comic book or cartoon and/or give the render a characteristic paper-like texture. [1]