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Korsakoff syndrome (KS) [1] is a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by amnesia, deficits in explicit memory, and confabulation. This neurological disorder is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B 1 ) in the brain, and it is typically associated with and exacerbated by the prolonged, excessive ingestion of alcohol . [ 2 ]
Korsakoff's occurs much more frequently in WE due to chronic alcoholism. [42] It is uncommon among those who do not consume excessive amounts of alcohol. Up to 80% of WE patients who misuse alcohol develop Korsakoff's syndrome. [39] In Korsakoff's, atrophy of the thalamus and the mammillary bodies and frontal lobe involvement is usually ...
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is the combined presence of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome (AKS [clarification needed]). Due to the close relationship between these two disorders, people with either are usually diagnosed with WKS as a single syndrome. It mainly causes vision changes, ataxia and impaired memory. [2]
Korsakoff's syndrome and Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome are particular forms of alcohol related brain injury which may be related to alcohol related dementia. [18] Many experts use the terms alcohol (or alcoholic) dementia to describe a specific form of ARD, characterized by impaired executive function (planning, thinking, and judgment). [5]
Treatment for confabulation is somewhat dependent on the cause or source, if identifiable. For example, treatment of Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome involves large doses of vitamin B in order to reverse the thiamine deficiency. [62] If there is no known physiological cause, more general cognitive techniques may be used to treat confabulation.
Korsakoff's syndrome is unique because it involves both anterograde and retrograde amnesia. [45] Drug-induced amnesia is intentionally caused by injection of an amnestic drug to help a patient forget surgery or medical procedures, particularly those not performed under full anesthesia, or likely to be particularly traumatic. Such drugs are also ...
Encephalopathy as a result of head trauma is a possible cause of organic brain syndrome: Specialty: Psychiatry, Neurology: Symptoms: Depends on the cause,usually memory problems, personality changes, mood swings, cognitive impairment, vision and movement problems [medical citation needed]
RA has been found among alcohol-dependent patients who have Korsakoff's syndrome. [25] Korsakoff's syndrome patients develop retrograde amnesia due to a thiamine deficiency (lack of vitamin B1). [26] Also, chronic alcohol use disorders are associated with a decrease in the volume of the left and right hippocampus. [25]