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Chlorine and oxygen can bond in a number of ways: chlorine monoxide radical, ClO•, chlorine (II) oxide radical; chloroperoxyl radical, ClOO•, chlorine (II) peroxide radical; chlorine dioxide, ClO 2, chlorine (IV) oxide; chlorine trioxide radical, ClO 3 •, chlorine (VI) oxide radical; chlorine tetroxide radical, ClO 4 •, chlorine (VII ...
Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO 2 that exists as yellowish-green gas above 11 °C, a reddish-brown liquid between 11 °C and −59 °C, and as bright orange crystals below −59 °C. It is usually handled as an aqueous solution.
The earliest method of synthesis was to treat mercury(II) oxide with chlorine gas. [3] However, this method is expensive, as well as highly dangerous due to the risk of mercury poisoning. 2 Cl 2 + HgO → HgCl 2 + Cl 2 O. A safer and more convenient method of production is the reaction of chlorine gas with hydrated sodium carbonate at 20–30 ...
Chlorine monoxide is a chemical radical with the chemical formula ClO •. It plays an important role in the process of ozone depletion. In the stratosphere, chlorine atoms react with ozone molecules to form chlorine monoxide and oxygen. Cl • + O 3 → ClO • + O 2. This reaction causes the depletion of the ozone layer. [1]
Evaporation under reduced pressure allows it to be concentrated further to about 40%, but then it decomposes to perchloric acid, chlorine, oxygen, water, and chlorine dioxide. Its most important salt is sodium chlorate, mostly used to make chlorine dioxide to bleach paper pulp. The decomposition of chlorate to chloride and oxygen is a common ...
Synthesis of chlorine trifluoride dioxide can be by a reaction of chlorine monofluoride with dioxygen difluoride: [2] ClF + O 2 F 2 → ClO 2 F 3. Alternatively it can be made by a reaction of chlorine trifluoride with oxygen gas: [2] ClF 3 + O 2 → ClO 2 F 3
Because this reaction is highly exothermic (238 kJ/mol), the temperature is monitored, to guard against thermal degradation of the catalyst. The reaction is as follows: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 CuCl 2 → 2 CuCl + ClH 2 C-CH 2 Cl. The copper(II) chloride is regenerated by sequential reactions of the cuprous chloride with oxygen and then hydrogen chloride:
Impurities such as oxygen (present in electrochemically obtained chlorine) also cause chain termination. The selectivity of photochlorination (with regard to substitution of primary, secondary or tertiary hydrogens) can be controlled by the interaction of the chlorine radical with the solvent, such as benzene , tert -butylbenzene or carbon ...