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Any real number can be written in the form m × 10 ^ n in many ways: for example, 350 can be written as 3.5 × 10 2 or 35 × 10 1 or 350 × 10 0. In normalized scientific notation (called "standard form" in the United Kingdom), the exponent n is chosen so that the absolute value of m remains at least one but less than ten ( 1 ≤ | m | < 10 ).
For a number written in scientific notation, this logarithmic rounding scale requires rounding up to the next power of ten when the multiplier is greater than the square root of ten (about 3.162). For example, the nearest order of magnitude for 1.7 × 10 8 is 8, whereas the nearest order of magnitude for 3.7 × 10 8 is 9.
The first-order matrix difference equation [x t − x*] = A[x t−1 − x*] is stable—that is, x t converges asymptotically to the steady state x* —if and only if all eigenvalues of the transition matrix A (whether real or complex) have an absolute value which is less than 1.
The same syntactic expression 1 + 2 × 3 can have different values (mathematically 7, but also 9), depending on the order of operations implied by the context (See also Operations § Calculators). For real numbers , the product a × b × c {\displaystyle a\times b\times c} is unambiguous because ( a × b ) × c = a × ( b × c ) {\displaystyle ...
Gauss's formula alternately adds new points at the left and right ends, thereby keeping the set of points centered near the same place (near the evaluated point). When so doing, it uses terms from Newton's formula, with data points and x values renamed in keeping with one's choice of what data point is designated as the x 0 data point.
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(The notation | x | means the absolute value of x; the magnitude of x with the sign set to +, regardless of the original sign of x.) This q s test statistic can then be compared to a q value for the chosen significance level α from a table of the studentized range distribution .
The standard playing card ranks {A, K, Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2} form a 13-element set. The card suits {♠, ♥ , ♦ , ♣ } form a four-element set. The Cartesian product of these sets returns a 52-element set consisting of 52 ordered pairs , which correspond to all 52 possible playing cards.