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Pencil drawings were not known before the 17th century, [1] with the modern concept of pencil drawings taking shape in the 18th and 19th centuries. [1] Pencil drawings succeeded the older metalpoint drawing stylus, which used metal instead of graphite. [1] Modern artists continue to use the graphite pencil for artworks and sketches. [1]
A line drawing is the most direct means of expression. This type of drawing without shading or lightness, is usually the first to be attempted by an artist.It may be somewhat limited in effect, yet it conveys dimension, movement, structure and mood; it can also suggest texture to some extent.
Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man (c. 1485) Accademia, Venice. Drawing is a visual art that uses an instrument to mark paper or another two-dimensional surface. The instruments used to make a drawing are pencils, crayons, pens with inks, brushes with paints, or combinations of these, and in more modern times, computer styluses with graphics tablets or gamepads in VR drawing software.
Blind contour drawing is a drawing exercise, where an artist draws the contour of a subject without looking at the paper. The artistic technique was introduced by Kimon Nicolaïdes in The Natural Way to Draw , and it is further popularized by Betty Edwards as "pure contour drawing" in The New Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain .
The most common pencil casing is thin wood, usually hexagonal in section, but sometimes cylindrical or triangular, permanently bonded to the core. Casings may be of other materials, such as plastic or paper. To use the pencil, the casing must be carved or peeled off to expose the working end of the core as a sharp point.
Artists may choose to "correct" perspective distortions, for example by drawing all spheres as perfect circles, or by drawing figures as if centered on the direction of view. In practice, unless the viewer observes the image from an extreme angle, like standing far to the side of a painting, the perspective normally looks more or less correct.
In color theory, a tint is a mixture of a color with white, which increases lightness, while a shade is a mixture with black, which increases darkness. Both processes affect the resulting color mixture's relative saturation. A tone is produced either by mixing a color with gray, or by both tinting and shading. [1]
The only astronomical objects able to project visible shadows onto Earth are the Sun, the Moon, and in the right conditions, Venus or Jupiter. [3] [4] Night is caused by the hemisphere of a planet facing its orbital star blocking its sunlight. A shadow cast by the Earth onto the Moon is a lunar eclipse.