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Isthmic anterolisthesis (also called type 2) is caused by a defect in the pars interarticularis (spondylolysis) but it can also be seen with an elongated pars. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Degenerative anterolisthesis (also called type 3 ) is a disease of the older adult that develops as a result of facet arthritis and joint remodeling.
Spondylolysis is a defect or stress fracture in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch. [1] The vast majority of cases occur in the lower lumbar vertebrae (L5), but spondylolysis may also occur in the cervical vertebrae .
Spondylosis is the degeneration of the vertebral column from any cause. In the more narrow sense, it refers to spinal osteoarthritis , the age-related degeneration of the spinal column, which is the most common cause of spondylosis.
What is spondylolisthesis? The condition occurs when one or more vertebrae of the spine slip out of place, Dr. Uzma Samadani , a Minnesota neurologist specializing in spine surgery, tells Yahoo Life.
Retrolisthesis can be classified as a form of spondylolisthesis, since spondylolisthesis is often defined in the literature as displacement in any direction. [1] [2] Yet, medical dictionaries usually define spondylolisthesis specifically as the forward or anterior displacement of a vertebra over the vertebra inferior to it (or the sacrum).
Forward displacement of a proximal vertebra in relation to its adjacent vertebra in association with an intact neural arch, and in the presence of degenerative changes, is known as degenerative spondylolisthesis, [9] [10] which narrows the spinal canal, and symptoms of spinal stenosis are common. Of these, neural claudication is most common.
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The fifth lumbar vertebra is by far the most common site of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. [3] Most individuals have five lumbar vertebrae, while some have four or six. Lumbar disorders that normally affect L5 will affect L4 or L6 in these latter individuals.