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Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), also known as fathead or tuffy, is a species of temperate freshwater fish belonging to the genus Pimephales of the cyprinid family. The natural geographic range extends throughout much of North America, from central Canada south along the Rockies to Texas, and east to Virginia and the Northeastern United States. [2]
The Eurasian minnow, [2] minnow, [1] or common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) is a small species of freshwater fish in the carp family Cyprinidae.It is the type species of genus Phoxinus.
Generally, minnows breed with the slightest rainfall and within a wide temperature range. Contrary to the long-standing presumptions, climate change poses 'negligible' threat to minnows' reproduction. Minnows are also flexible in attaining pre-spawning fitness, which makes them avoid 'skipped spawning' decisions while facing climatic variabilities.
With over 300 known species, there are more species of minnows native to North America's fresh waters than any other fish. [2] Minnows can be hard to distinguish because many look alike. [3] All minnows have one dorsal fin, ventral fins near the anus, a lateral line system (in most species), and smooth, round cycloid scales. [4]
Bluntnose minnows are commonly 6.5 cm (2.6 in) long, with a maximum length of 11 cm (4.3 in). On the first two or three dorsal rays are dark pigmented spots. The scales between the head and the dorsal fin are noted to be smaller than the rest of the scales on the body. [ 3 ]
Females become sexually mature at age 1 and produce an average of 800 eggs per year. If a female survives to age 2, her fecundity increases to an average of 2,000 eggs per year. Plains minnows are a short-lived species and have high mortality rates from egg to age 1. Very few individuals survive to age 2. [3] [9]
Pumps control the current to mimic the natural flows of the Rio Grande. The bottom surface is a mixture of sand, gravel and silt. The breeding goal of the $1.7 million facility was to produce 50,000 minnows this year - with 25,000 minnows to be returned to the river and 25,000 to be retained for future captive spawning.
White Clouds are generally peaceful and happy to coexist with other fish, as long as they are not put in a tank with larger fish that may eat them. The minnows are usually top or middle-level swimmers and rarely swim close to the bottom of a tank. A typical lifespan can last for five years or longer. [8]