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  2. Pakpak language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakpak_language

    Pakpak, or Batak Dairi, is an Austronesian language of Sumatra. It is spoken in Dairi Regency , Pakpak Bharat Regency , Parlilitan district in Humbang Hasundutan Regency , Manduamas district in Central Tapanuli Regency , Subulussalam City , and Aceh Singkil Regency .

  3. Toba Batak language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toba_Batak_language

    Toba Batak (/ ˈ t oʊ b ə ˈ b æ t ə k / [2]) is an Austronesian language spoken in North Sumatra province in Indonesia. It is part of a group of languages called Batak . There are approximately 1,610,000 Toba Batak speakers, living to the east, west and south of Lake Toba .

  4. Gorga (art) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorga_(art)

    Gorga ulu singa ("singa's gorga") represents the spiritual being singa of Batak mythology is placed on top of the front gable of a Batak house. [5] Gorga boraspati depicts the gecko god Boraspati ni Tano and is usually carved on the side plank of a Batak house or barn houses; gorga baraspati is usually paired with gorga adop adop ("breasts ...

  5. Batak languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak_languages

    Proto-Batak *k became h in initial and medial position in the Southern Batak languages: Proto-Batak *kalak > Toba, Simalungun halak; Karo kalak 'person' Proto-Batak *dukut > Toba, Simalungun duhut; Karo dukut 'grass' Proto-Batak *h was lost in Toba, Angkola and Mandailing: Proto-Batak *pərəh > Toba poro, Simalungun poroh, Karo pereh /pərəh ...

  6. Mandailing Batak language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandailing_Batak_language

    A Mandailing script, pre-1800s. Mandailing Batak or Mandailing is an Austronesian language spoken in Sumatra, the northern island of Indonesia.It is spoken mainly in Mandailing Natal Regency, North Padang Lawas Regency, Padang Lawas Regency, and eastern parts of Labuhan Batu Regency, North Labuhan Batu Regency, South Labuhan Batu Regency and northwestern parts of Riau Province.

  7. Batak script - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak_script

    The Batak script (natively known as Surat Batak, Surat na Sampulu Sia (lit. ' the nineteen letters ' ), or Sisiasia ) is a writing system used to write the Austronesian Batak languages spoken by several million people on the Indonesian island of Sumatra .

  8. Batak - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak

    Batak people in different areas cultivated either sawah (wet rice fields) or ladang (dry rice), and the Toba Batak, most expert in agriculture, must have migrated to meet demand in new areas. The increasing importance of rice had religious significance, which increased the power of the Batak high priests, who had responsibility for ensuring ...

  9. Batak architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batak_architecture

    A jabu - Toba Batak house. Batak architecture refers to the related architectural traditions and designs of the various Batak peoples of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Six groups of Batak speak separate but related languages: the Angkola, the Mandailing to the south, the Toba, to the north the Pakpak/Dairi, the Simalungun, and the Karo. While the ...