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Jerome Seymour Bruner (October 1, 1915 – June 5, 2016) was an American psychologist who made significant contributions to human cognitive psychology and cognitive learning theory in educational psychology. Bruner was a senior research fellow at the New York University School of Law. [3]
Cognitive theory mostly explains complex forms of learning in terms of reasoning, problem solving and information processing. [14] Emphasis must be placed on the fact that the goal of all aforementioned viewpoints is considered to be the same - the transfer of knowledge to the student in the most efficient and effective manner possible. [ 17 ]
Learning theory describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.
Social cognitive theory posits that learning most likely occurs if there is a close identification between the observer and the model and if the observer also has a great self-efficacy. [18] Self-efficacy is a term used to describe a person's belief in their ability to achieve their goals and produce desired outcomes through their own actions ...
A learning theory describes how learning takes place, and an instructional theory prescribes how to better help people learn. [1] Learning theories often inform instructional theory, and three general theoretical stances take part in this influence: behaviorism (learning as response acquisition), cognitivism (learning as knowledge acquisition ...
Gagné was also involved in applying concepts of instructional theory to the design of computer-based training and multimedia-based learning. [ citation needed ] His work is sometimes summarized as the Gagné assumption : that different types of learning exist, and that different instructional conditions are most likely to bring about these ...
He has developed a theory of education to guide research and instruction, first published in 1977 and updated in 1998. [ 1 ] His latest research work includes studies on students' ideas on learning and epistemology, and methods of applying educational ideas and tools (such as concept mapping) in corporate settings and distance learning programs.
Modern theories of education have applied many concepts that are focal points of cognitive psychology. Some of the most prominent concepts include: Metacognition : Metacognition is a broad concept encompassing all manners of one's thoughts and knowledge about their own thinking.