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Great ape language research historically involved attempts to teach chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans to communicate using imitative human speech, sign language, physical tokens and computerized lexigrams.
The English word chimpanzee is first recorded in 1738. [6] It is derived from Vili ci-mpenze [7] or Tshiluba language chimpenze, with a meaning of "ape", [8] or "mockman". [9] The colloquialism "chimp" was most likely coined some time in the late 1870s. [10]
Researchers eventually moved towards a gestural (sign language) modality, as well as keyboard devices with buttons with symbols (known as "lexigrams") that the animals could press to produce artificial language. Other chimpanzees learned by observing human subjects performing the task.
chimpanzee – loaned in the 18th century from a Bantu language, possibly Kivili ci-mpenzi. [1] dengue – possibly from Swahili dinga; goober – possibly from Bantu (Kikongo and Kimbundu nguba) gilo - from Kimbundu njilu, via Portuguese jiló; gumbo – from Bantu (Kimbundu ingombo, plural of kingombo, meaning "okra") impala – from Zulu im-pala
Nim Chimpsky [1] (November 19, 1973 – March 10, 2000) was a chimpanzee used in a study to determine whether chimps could learn a human language, American Sign Language (ASL). The project was led by Herbert S. Terrace of Columbia University with linguistic analysis by psycholinguist Thomas Bever .
Eugene Linden, a journalist who spent years studying apes involved in language experiments and co-wrote (with Patterson) The Education of Koko, also expressed concerns about Patterson's practices. Linden reported that Koko's signing was more fluid and precise than that of Washoe and other Oklahoma chimpanzees. [36]
Chimpanzees make tools and use them to acquire foods and for social displays; they have sophisticated hunting strategies requiring cooperation, influence and rank; they are status conscious, manipulative and capable of deception; they can learn to use symbols and understand aspects of human language including some relational syntax, concepts of ...
The language designed by Premack for an ape was not verbal; Premack's chimpanzee program differed from that of a separate research program in which other chimpanzees were raised in a human family in parallel with human babies, and taught words. [2] Eventually, the chimpanzees might get to a two-year-old human's list of words, but no further.