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5th century BC: The Greeks start experimenting with straightedge-and-compass constructions. [30] 5th century BC: The earliest documented mention of a spherical Earth comes from the Greeks in the 5th century BC. [31] It is known that the Indians modeled the Earth as spherical by 300 BC [32] 460 BC: Empedocles describes thermal expansion. [33]
This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process.
Date of start Experiment Attribution Type About 1586 Delft tower experiment: Simon Stevin and Jan Cornets de Groot: Demonstration Same mass objects fall at the same speed on Earth 1643 Torricelli's experiment: Evangelista Torricelli: Demonstration Vacuum relation to atmospheric pressure: 1654 Magdeburg hemispheres: Otto von Guericke: Demonstration
Kenneth Krane's Modern physics begins a text on quantum and relativity theories with a few pages on the deficiencies of classical physics. [ 84 ] : 3 E.T. Whittaker's two volume A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity subtitles volume one to The Classical Theories and volume two The Modern Theories (1900–1926).
[10] [11] An upper bound of 10 −17 per year for the time variation, based on laboratory measurements, was published in 2008. [12] Observations of a quasar of the universe at only 0.8 billion years old with AI analysis method employed on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) found a spatial variation preferred over a no-variation model at the 3.9 σ ...
Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments. Methods vary from discipline to discipline, from simple experiments and observations, such as Galileo's experiments , to more complicated ones, such as the Large Hadron ...
Einstein, in 1905, when he wrote the Annus Mirabilis papers. 1900 – To explain black-body radiation (1862), Max Planck suggests that electromagnetic energy could only be emitted in quantized form, i.e. the energy could only be a multiple of an elementary unit E = hν, where h is the Planck constant and ν is the frequency of the radiation.
1896 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovers the X-rays while studying electrons in plasma; scattering X-rays—that were considered as 'waves' of high-energy electromagnetic radiation—Arthur Compton will be able to demonstrate in 1922 the 'particle' aspect of electromagnetic radiation.