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The Nabataeans were an Arab tribe who had come under significant Babylonian-Aramaean influence. [9] The first mention of the Nabataeans dates from 312/311 BC, when they were attacked at Sela or perhaps at Petra without success by Antigonus I's officer Athenaeus in the course of the Third War of the Diadochi; at that time Hieronymus of Cardia, a Seleucid officer, mentions the Nabataeans in a ...
The event is described as the first conflict caused by a Middle Eastern petroleum product. [17] The series of wars among the Greek generals ended in a dispute over the lands of modern-day Jordan between the Ptolemies based in Egypt and the Seleucids based in Syria. The conflict enabled the Nabataeans to extend their kingdom beyond Edom.
The majority of Nabataean gods were foreign and were adopted from other cultures. Many Nabataean deities became associated with Greco-Roman gods and goddesses, particularly during the period when Nabataea was under Roman influence. For instance, the Egyptian goddess Isis appeared not only in Nabataean religion but also in Greek and Roman ...
The Nabataeans were one among several nomadic Bedouin tribes that roamed the Arabian Desert and moved with their herds to wherever they could find pasture and water. [18] Although the Nabataeans were initially embedded in Aramaic culture, theories about them having Aramean roots are rejected by many modern
Hellenistic/Roman: Nabataeans migrate to the Negev Highlands. Byzantine/Early Islamic: Christian settlement wave and Arab expansion. One of the three additional clusters of Christian settlements were the Nabatean desert towns. [166] Most of these evolved into large agricultural villages with many smaller farms and villages around them. [167]
The Nabataeans paid great attention to their tombs, this was reflected in their architecture, in which a lot of architectural and artistic methods of respecting the dead were developed, which suggests the Nabataeans' interest in the afterlife. Of the most famous Nabatean monuments are the carved royal tombs.
Based on Hieronymus, Diodorus described how "all the 4000 foot-soldiers were slain, but of the 600 horsemen about fifty escaped, and of these the larger part were wounded". [1] The Nabataeans sent a letter of complaint in Aramaic, the lingua franca of the ancient Middle East, to Antigonus. The letter argued that the Nabataeans did not want war ...
Romanitas means, as a rough approximation, Roman-ness in Latin, [1] although it has also been translated as "Romanism, the Roman way or manner". [2] The term, not common in Roman sources, [3] [note 1] was first coined by the 3rd century Roman writer Tertullian, an early Christian from North Africa, in his work de Pallio. [5]