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Hydrochloric acid is a strong inorganic acid that is used in many industrial processes such as refining metal. The application often determines the required product quality. [25] Hydrogen chloride, not hydrochloric acid, is used more widely in industrial organic chemistry, e.g. for vinyl chloride and dichloroethane. [8]
Another method for producing small amounts of chlorine gas in a lab is by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid (typically about 5M) to sodium hypochlorite or sodium chlorate solution. Potassium permanganate can be used to generate chlorine gas when concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to it: 2KMn04 + 16HCl —> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 8H2O + 5Cl2
White solids of impure benzoic acid are obtained. The benzoic acid is decanted to remove the aqueous solution of impurities, more water is added, and the mixture is brought to a boil with more water added to give a homogeneous solution. The solution is allowed to cool slowly to room temperature, then in an ice bath to recrystallize benzoic acid.
Hydrochloric Acid: 84.8 [13] tert-Butanol: 82.5 [14] Chlorobenzene: 131.7 [15] ... Toggle the table of contents. List of boiling and freezing information of solvents.
Toggle the table of contents. Hydrochloric acid (data page) 1 language.
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.
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The chloralkali process has been in use since the 19th century and is a primary industry in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan. [4] [5] It has become the principal source of chlorine during the 20th century. [6]