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The cells targeted for the treatment of osteoarthritis are chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and their progenitors. Since the joint capsule is relatively well contained, intra-articular injections are highly successful at delivering the therapeutic gene therapy locally to the target cell types. Treatment of osteoarthritis may be successful via:
Weight loss and exercise are the most safe and effective long-term treatments, in contrast to short-term treatments which usually have risk of long-term harm. [ 69 ] High impact exercise can increase the risk of joint injury, whereas low or moderate impact exercise, such as walking or swimming, is safer for people with osteoarthritis. [ 68 ]
Several approved drugs are being investigated as repurposed agents in the treatment of osteoarthritis such as liraglutide (anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drug: NCT02905864), Metformin (anti-diabetic drug: NCT04767841, NCT05034029), Zoledronic acid (anti-osteoporotic drug: NCT04303026), etc. [4] Paroxetine has been deemed to have DMOAD activity ...
In osteoarthritis, joint injection of glucocorticoids leads to short term pain relief, with onset after 2 to 7 days, [6] that may last between a few weeks and a few months. [7] A local anesthetic reduces pain from 15 to 20 minutes after the injection, and lasts about 4 to 6 hours. [6]
The primary surgical treatment option of arthritis is joint replacement surgery known as arthroplasty. Common joints that are replaced due to arthritis include the shoulder, hip, and knee. Arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee provides no additional benefit to patients when compared to optimized physical and medical therapy. [92]
In osteoarthritis, joint injection of glucocorticoids (such as hydrocortisone) leads to short term pain relief that may last between a few weeks and a few months. [5] Injections of hyaluronic acid have not produced improvement compared to placebo for knee arthritis, [6] [7] but did increase risk of further pain. [6]
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