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A urachal cyst is a sinus remaining from the allantois during embryogenesis. It is a cyst which occurs in the remnants between the umbilicus and bladder. [1] This is a type of cyst occurring in a persistent portion of the urachus, presenting as an extraperitoneal mass in the umbilical region. It is characterized by abdominal pain, and fever if ...
Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare type of interstitial cystitis first reported in 1960 by Edwin Brown. [1] Eosinophilic cystitis has been linked to a number of etiological factors, including allergies, bladder tumors, trauma to the bladder, parasitic infections, and chemotherapy drugs, though the exact cause of the condition is still unknown.
If the urachus fails to close during fetal life, it can result in anatomical abnormalities such as a urachal cyst, urachal fistula, urachal diverticulum or urachal sinus. In very rare cases the urachus can fail to close fully. This can lead to a condition known as a patent urachus (also urachal fistula). Although it is mainly immediately ...
Urachal fistula: there is free communication between the bladder and umbilicus; Urachal diverticulum (vesicourachal diverticulum): the bladder exhibits outpouching [5] Urachal sinus: the pouch opens toward the umbilicus [6] The urachus is also subject to neoplasia. Urachal adenocarcinoma is histologically similar to adenocarcinoma of the bowel ...
The cyst can also become infected and form an abscess, or a painful, puss-filled pocket. Once branchial cysts begin growing, doctors will advise immediate removal to prevent further infection.
The symptoms are occipital headache, cough, middle ear effusion, cervical myalgia, and halitosis, i.e. bad breath. When there is an enlargement of the cyst, it causes symptoms like nasal obstruction, post-nasal discharge with foul-smelling odour, blockage of the Eustachian tube causing otalgia and secretory otitis media, retro-orbital pain.
Umbilical-urachal sinus is a congenital disorder of the urinary bladder caused by failure of obliteration of proximal or distal part of the allantois, and the presentation of this anomaly is more common in children and rarer in adults.
Urachal cancer can exist for some years without any symptoms. The most frequent initial symptom is haematuria which occurs when the urachal tumour has penetrated the bladder wall, but mucinuria (mucin in the urine), local pain or swelling, recurrent local or urinary tract infections and umbilical discharge can (but is not always) be seen.