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Dame Cicely Mary Strode Saunders (22 June 1918 – 14 July 2005) was an English nurse, social worker, physician and writer. She is noted for her work in terminal care research and her role in the birth of the hospice movement, emphasising the importance of palliative care in modern medicine, and opposing the legalisation of voluntary euthanasia.
Florence Wald (April 19, 1917 – November 8, 2008) was an American nurse, former Dean of Yale School of Nursing, and largely credited as "the mother of the American hospice movement". [1] [2] She led the founding of Connecticut Hospice, the first hospice program in the United States. Late in life, Wald became interested in the provision of ...
[9] [20] Another early hospice program in the United States, Alive Hospice, was founded in Nashville, Tennessee, on November 14, 1975. [21] By 1977 the National Hospice Organization had been formed, and by 1979, a president, Ann G. Blues, had been elected and principles of hospice care had been addressed. [ 22 ]
The first formal hospice was founded in 1948 by the British physician Dame Cicely Saunders in order to care for patients with terminal illnesses. [2] She defined key physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of distress in her work. She also developed the first hospice care as well in the US in 1974 - Connecticut Hospice. [3]
She later founded St Christopher's Hospice in London. [2] In 1971, Hospice, Inc. was founded in the United States, the first organization to introduce the principles of modern hospice care to that country, where medical care had focused on fighting illness through hospital stays. [3]
In 1989, he charged the hospice he had founded $2.3 million in management fees, up from $140,000 five years before, according to the Miami New Times. Push For Profit As the industry has grown, the number of for-profit hospice providers has increased at nearly twice the rate of nonprofit providers.
Until recently, hospice was a nonprofit service mostly catering to cancer patients. Hospice care usually happens at home, where a nurse or caretaker visits a dying patient and comforts him or her. Occasionally it happens in an institutional setting, such as a nursing home. A few hospices also have inpatient facilities.
Among the first staff at St. Christopher's was Florence Wald, who took Saunders' philosophies back to the United States to become the founder of the hospice movement in the United States. [2] [3] [4] In 1971 Robert Twycross was appointed as a Clinical Research Fellow by Saunders.