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Radial keratotomy (RK) is a refractive surgical procedure to correct myopia (nearsightedness). It was developed in 1974 by Svyatoslav Fyodorov, a Russian ophthalmologist. It has been largely supplanted by newer, more accurate operations, such as photorefractive keratectomy, LASIK, Epi-LASIK and the phakic intraocular lens. [1]
Refractive surgery is an optional eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and decrease or eliminate dependency on glasses or contact lenses.This can include various methods of surgical remodeling of the cornea (keratomileusis), lens implantation or lens replacement.
LASIK or Lasik (/ ˈ l eɪ s ɪ k /; "laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis"), commonly referred to as laser eye surgery or laser vision correction, is a type of refractive surgery for the correction of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. [1]
A corrective lens is a lens worn in front of the eye, mainly used to treat myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. The goal is to bring vision up to 20/20 vision or as close to this as possible. Glasses or "spectacles" are corrective lenses worn on the face a short distance in front of the eye.
Low myopia usually describes myopia between −0.50 and −3.00 diopters. [65] Moderate myopia usually describes myopia between −3.00 and −6.00 diopters. [65] Those with moderate amounts of myopia are more likely to have pigment dispersion syndrome or pigmentary glaucoma. [84] High myopia usually describes myopia of −6.00 or more.
The condition of posterior staphyloma in high myopia was first described by Scarpa in the 1800s. [6] Speculation about reinforcement of the eye began in the 19th century, when Rubin noted that sclera reinforcement “is probably the only one of all the surgical techniques [for myopia] which attempts to correct a cause, rather than an effect”. [7]
In the 1970s he developed the surgical technique he is most famous for, the radial keratotomy, to change the shape of the cornea and cure myopia. [2] In 1986, Fyodorov designed the first posterior chamber phakic IOL in the "collar-button" or "mushroom" configuration and manufactured the pIOL from silicone. In 1980 he became the head of the ...
For extreme nearsightedness, the eyes appear small and sunken into the face, and the sides of the skull can be visible through the lens. This gives the wearer the appearance of having a very large or fat head in contrast with their eyes. For extreme farsightedness the eyes appear very large on the face, making the wearer's head seem too small.