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A rudder operates by redirecting the fluid past the hull or fuselage, thus imparting a turning or yawing motion to the craft. In basic form, a rudder is a flat plane or sheet of material attached with hinges to the craft's stern, tail, or afterend. Often rudders are shaped to minimize hydrodynamic or aerodynamic drag.
The Kitchen rudder is the familiar name for "Kitchen's Patent Reversing Rudders", a combination rudder and directional propulsion delivery system for relatively slow speed displacement boats which was invented in the early 20th century by John G. A. Kitchen of Lancashire, England.
Its development preceded the invention of the more complex ship's wheel and followed the simple use of a tiller to control the steering of a ship underway. [ 1 ] In a typical arrangement, an iron gooseneck was fitted at the fore end of the tiller.
Until the invention of the ship's wheel, the helmsman relied on a tiller—a horizontal bar fitted directly to the top of the rudder post—or a whipstaff—a vertical stick acting on the arm of the ship's tiller. Near the start of the 18th century, a large number of vessels appeared using the ship's wheel design, but historians are unclear ...
The flap rudder is designed to improve the effective lift generated by the rudder and hence improve the manoeuvrability of the craft. The rudder consists of two or more sections which move relative to each other as helm is applied and the angle of the main or driven section moves, thus the shape of the rudder changes dynamically as the angle of helm is changed.
The ancient rudder's different parts were distinguished by the following names: ansa, the handle; clavus, the shaft; pinna, the blade. [6] The famous ship Tessarakonteres or "Forty" is said to have had four rudders. In the Bible, Paul's ship, which was shipwrecked on Malta, had its rudders (plural) [7] cut loose. [8]
The following is a list of some important medieval technologies. The approximate date or first mention of a technology in medieval Europe is given. Technologies were often a matter of cultural exchange and date and place of first inventions are not listed here (see main links for a more complete history of each).
The history of technology is the history of the invention of tools and ... date back to at least 2. ... pioneering the use of rope trusses and stem-mounted rudders ...