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A leading question is a question that suggests a particular answer and contains information the examiner is looking to have confirmed. [1] The use of leading questions in court to elicit testimony is restricted in order to reduce the ability of the examiner to direct or influence the evidence presented.
Leading questions are also permitted on cross-examination, as witnesses called by the opposing party are presumed hostile. Misstates evidence / misquotes witness / improper characterization of evidence : this objection is often overruled, but can be used to signal a problem to witness, judge and jury.
A loaded question is a form of complex question that contains a controversial assumption (e.g., a presumption of guilt). [1] Such questions may be used as a rhetorical tool: the question attempts to limit direct replies to be those that serve the questioner's agenda. [2] The traditional example is the question "Have you stopped beating your wife?"
Since a witness called by the opposing party is presumed to be hostile, leading questions are allowed on cross-examination. A witness called by a direct examiner, on the other hand, may only be treated as hostile by that examiner after being permitted to do so by the judge, at the request of that examiner and as a result of the witness being ...
If the court does so, the lawyer may thereafter ask witness leading questions during direct examination. The techniques of direct examination are taught in courses on trial advocacy. [1] Each direct examination is integrated with the overall case strategy through either a theme and theory or, with more advanced strategies, a line of effort. [2]
A suggestive question is one that implies that a certain answer should be given in response, [1] [2] or falsely presents a presupposition in the question as accepted fact. [3] [4] Such a question distorts the memory thereby tricking the person into answering in a specific way that might or might not be true or consistent with their actual feelings, and can be deliberate or unintentional.
“Don’t be rude to me, because one thing I can do is be rude back to you,” the man in question says. A crew member can then be heard calling out: “OK, let’s just take it down a notch.”
Overconfidence effect, a tendency to have excessive confidence in one's own answers to questions. For example, for certain types of questions, answers that people rate as "99% certain" turn out to be wrong 40% of the time. [5] [43] [44] [45] Planning fallacy, the tendency for people to underestimate the time it will take them to complete a ...