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Caste systems in Africa are a form of social stratification found in numerous ethnic groups, found in over fifteen countries, particularly in the Sahel, West Africa, and North Africa. [1] These caste systems feature endogamy , hierarchical status, inherited occupation, membership by birth, pollution concepts and restraints on commensality.
The Inadan, also referred to as Enad or Tinadan, [2] [3] have been one of the historic artisan castes in West Africa, particularly among the Tuareg people. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Sometimes referred to as an endogamous caste and sometimes as endogamous marginalized class within the Tuareg, the Inadan are found in Niger , Mali , Libya , Sahel and other ...
This list of castles in Africa includes castles, forts, and mock castles in Africa. The Castle of Good Hope in Cape Town, South Africa built in the 1660s.
The other castes were similarly further sub-classified by 19th-century and early-20th-century ethnographers based on numerous criteria ranging from profession, endogamy or exogamy or polygamy, and a host of other factors in a manner similar to castas in Spanish colonies such as Mexico, and caste system studies in British colonies such as India.
The northern Senufo are called "Supide or Kenedougou", found near Odienne, and who helped found an important kingdom of West Africa and challenged Muslim missionaries and traders. The southern Senufo are the largest group, numbering over 2 million, who allowed Muslim traders to settle within their communities in the 18th century who actively ...
The Mandinka castes are hereditary, and marriages outside the caste was forbidden. [24] Their caste system is similar to those of other ethnic groups of the African Sahel region. [63] These castes are also common across Mandinka communities such as those in The Gambia, [64] Mali, Guinea, and other countries. [65] [26]
The official population count of the various ethnic groups in Africa is highly uncertain due to limited infrastructure to perform censuses, and due to rapid population growth. Some groups have alleged that there is deliberate misreporting in order to give selected ethnicities numerical superiority (as in the case of Nigeria's Hausa, Fulani ...
While the castes are correlated to profession, membership is determined by birth. The smiths have important ritual powers and are characteristically poor. The leather-workers engage in significant trade with other ethnic groups and accumulate wealth. Unlike norms for the rest of society, parallel-cousin marriage is allowed within castes. Caste ...