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In the 1960s, psychologist David McClelland expanded on Murray's work, focusing on the effects of human needs in a work environment. [2] His need theory proposes that most people are consistently motivated by one of three basic desires: the need for affiliation, the need for achievement, or the need for power.
McClelland's research showed that 86% of the population are dominant in one, two, or all three of these three types of motivation. His subsequent research, published in the 1977 Harvard Business Review article "Power is the Great Motivator", found that those in top management positions had a high need for power and a low need for affiliation ...
Need for achievement is a person's desire for significant accomplishment, mastery of skills, control, or high standards. The psychometric device designed to measure need-for-achievement, N-Ach , was popularized by the psychologist David McClelland .
Physical activity, the need for exercise; Power, the need for influence of will; Romance, the need for sex and for beauty; Saving, the need to collect; Social contact, the need for friends (peer relationships) Social status, the need for social standing/importance; Tranquility, the need to be safe; Vengeance, the need to strike back and to compete
David Clarence McClelland (May 20, 1917 – March 27, 1998) was an American psychologist, noted for his work on motivation Need Theory. He published a number of works between the 1950s and the 1990s and developed new scoring systems for the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and its descendants. [ 1 ]
Atkinson & McClelland's Need for Achievement Theory is the most relevant and applicable need-based theory in the I–O psychologist's arsenal. Unlike other need-based theories, which try to interpret every need, Need for Achievement allows the I–O psychologist to concentrate research into a tighter focus.
This theory implies, for example, that increasing salary and job security may not be sufficient to fully motivate workers if their higher needs are not met. [128] McClelland's learned needs theory states that individuals have three primary needs: affiliation, power, and achievement. The need for affiliation is a desire to form social ...
See also Need theory. David McClelland in his 1961 book, "The Achieving Society" identified three motivators that he believed we all have: a need for achievement; a need for affiliation; a need for power; People will have different characteristics depending on their dominant motivator.