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ALTO-100, previously known as NSI-189 (NeuralStem Inc. 189), [3] is a drug described as a hippocampal neurogenesis stimulant and indirect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulator which is under development for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD). [1] Further, nutritional deficiencies in magnesium , [ 2 ] vitamin D , [ 3 ] and tryptophan have been linked with depression; these deficiencies may be caused by the individual's environment, but they have a biological ...
Poor diet in early childhood affects the number of neurons in parts of the brain. [1]Nutritional neuroscience is the scientific discipline that studies the effects various components of the diet such as minerals, vitamins, protein, carbohydrates, fats, dietary supplements, synthetic hormones, and food additives have on neurochemistry, neurobiology, behavior, and cognition.
Depression is a symptom of some physical diseases; a side effect of some drugs and medical treatments; and a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia. [1] Physical causes are ruled out with a clinical assessment of depression that measures vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and hormones. [2] [3] [4]
Magnesium (Mg) is a mineral found naturally in the human body and in animal and plant-based foods, beverages, dietary supplements, and some medicines such as laxatives. [1] It is necessary for the functioning of every organ, for the makeup of teeth and bones, and for metabolic processes. [ 2 ]
The treatment plan could include psychotherapy alone, antidepressant medications alone, or a combination of medication and psychotherapy. [ 26 ] For major depressive episodes of severe intensity (multiple symptoms, minimal mood reactivity, and severe functional impairment), combined psychotherapy and antidepressant medications are more ...
The neurogenesis hypothesis of depression posits that: [3] Stressful experiences have a negative effect on the process of neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Alternations in the rate of neurogenesis play a fundamental role in the pathology and treatment of major depression.
Research indicates that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is inversely related to major depressive disorder (MDD). [100] Neurogenesis is decreased in the hippocampus of animal models of major depressive disorder, and many treatments for the disorder, including antidepressant medication and electroconvulsive therapy, increase hippocampal neurogenesis.