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  2. Dental anesthesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_anesthesia

    The time it takes for the anesthetic medication to prevent pain in the area (speed of onset) and length of time that the area does not have painful sensations are considerations when choosing an appropriate approach to dental treatment.

  3. Articaine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articaine

    Paresthesia, a short-to-long-term numbness or altered sensation affecting a nerve, is a well-known complication of injectable local anesthetics and has been present even before articaine was available. [17] An article by Haas and Lennon published in 1993 [18] seems to be the original source for the controversy surrounding articaine. This paper ...

  4. Schistosomiasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schistosomiasis

    In long-established disease, adult worms lay eggs that can cause inflammatory reactions. The eggs secrete proteolytic enzymes that help them migrate to the bladder and intestines to be shed. The enzymes also cause an eosinophilic inflammatory reaction when eggs get trapped in tissues or embolize to the liver, spleen, lungs , or brain . [ 16 ]

  5. Antispasmodic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antispasmodic

    The effect is to prevent spasms of the stomach, intestine or urinary bladder. Both dicyclomine and hyoscyamine are antispasmodic due to their anticholinergic action. [medical citation needed] Both of these drugs have side effects common to anticholinergics and can worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [2]

  6. Local anesthetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anesthetic

    Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...

  7. Gastritis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastritis

    Gastritis is the inflammation of the lining of the stomach. [1] It may occur as a short episode or may be of a long duration. [1] There may be no symptoms but, when symptoms are present, the most common is upper abdominal pain (see dyspepsia). [1]

  8. Dumping syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumping_syndrome

    The health care provider may also examine the structure of the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine with the following tests: [1] An upper GI endoscopy to see the upper GI tract. A gastroenterologist carefully feeds the endoscope down the esophagus and into the stomach and duodenum. A small camera mounted on the endoscope transmits a ...

  9. Gastrointestinal tract - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract

    The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus.The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.