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TRACE is a connectionist model of speech perception, proposed by James McClelland and Jeffrey Elman in 1986. [1] It is based on a structure called "the TRACE", a dynamic processing structure made up of a network of units, which performs as the system's working memory as well as the perceptual processing mechanism. [2]
A 'second wave' connectionist (ANN) model with a hidden layer. Connectionism is an approach to the study of human mental processes and cognition that utilizes mathematical models known as connectionist networks or artificial neural networks.
Anatomy of a multipolar neuron. A neural circuit is a population of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function when activated. [1] Multiple neural circuits interconnect with one another to form large scale brain networks.
A neural network is a group of interconnected units called neurons that send signals to one another. Neurons can be either biological cells or mathematical models.While individual neurons are simple, many of them together in a network can perform complex tasks.
The hierarchical network model is part of the scale-free model family sharing their main property of having proportionally more hubs among the nodes than by random generation; however, it significantly differs from the other similar models (Barabási–Albert, Watts–Strogatz) in the distribution of the nodes' clustering coefficients: as other models would predict a constant clustering ...
The reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei in the brainstem that spans from the lower end of the medulla oblongata to the upper end of the midbrain. [2] The neurons of the reticular formation make up a complex set of neural networks in the core of the brainstem. [3]
A cognitive model is a representation of one or more cognitive processes in humans or other animals for the purposes of comprehension and prediction. There are many types of cognitive models, and they can range from box-and-arrow diagrams to a set of equations to software programs that interact with the same tools that humans use to complete tasks (e.g., computer mouse and keyboard).
Other influences include Max Wertheimer's gestalt structure theory and Kant's account of schemas in categorization, as well as studies in experimental psychology on the mental rotation of images. In addition to the dissertation on over by Brugman, Lakoff's use of image schema theory also drew extensively on Talmy and Langacker's theories of ...