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Hydrothermal vents are fissures on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges. They are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid-ocean ridges, ocean basins, and hotspots. [1]
The lava cactus is endemic to the Galápagos, where it is found on Fernandina, Genovesa, Isabela, Pinta, Santa Cruz, and Santiago, [12] as well as some smaller islands, [2] including Bartolomé. [1] It grows on barren lava flows, both pāhoehoe and ʻaʻā. [2] It is one of the first species to grow on new lava flows. [1]
Ceratophyllum demersum is a cosmopolitan species of aquatic plant. Drosera, the sundews, are carnivorous plants with species found on every continent except Antarctica. Duckweeds are tiny flowering plants that float on the surface of water, with members of the group found worldwide. Isoetes is a cosmopolitan genus of lycophyte known as the ...
Deep ocean water contains the largest reservoir of nitrogen available to hydrothermal vents, with around 0.59 mM of dissolved nitrogen gas. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] Ammonium is the dominant species of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and can be produced by water mass mixing below hydrothermal vents and discharged in vent fluids. [ 25 ]
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3,000 and 6,000 metres (9,800 and 19,700 ft).Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth's surface.
The team has found ponds on some plots and moisture-loving plants. The group’s mission was sometimes difficult and somewhat hazardous when the teams had to ford the Toutle River to get to the ...
Aira caldera is located at Kyushu, the southernmost island of Japan. The supervolcano peaks at 1117 m. [6]The eruption forming the Aira Caldera, occurred approximately 30,000 years ago, and resulted in tephra and ignimbrite from a vast amount of magma affecting the nearby land.
Then, they found a new volcano-like formation deep in the ocean waters. The new volcano-like structure sits more than 1,600 meters from the water's surface. So, it's far too deep to pose a danger ...